Mood disorder

 



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A mood disorder, also known as an affective disorder, refers to a group of mental health conditions characterized by significant and persistent changes in mood, emotions, and overall emotional state. These disorders can significantly impact a person's daily life, relationships, and overall well-being.





Some common types of mood disorders include:





  • Major Depressive Disorder (MDD): Also known as depression, MDD is characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, emptiness, and a loss of interest or pleasure in activities. Other symptoms may include changes in appetite, sleep disturbances, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, feelings of worthlessness, and thoughts of death or suicide.





  • Bipolar Disorder: Bipolar disorder involves alternating periods of extreme mood swings, ranging from depressive episodes to manic or hypomanic episodes. During depressive episodes, individuals experience symptoms similar to major depression. In manic or hypomanic episodes, they may have increased energy, elevated mood, racing thoughts, impulsivity, and decreased need for sleep.
  • Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD): Previously known as dysthymia, PDD is a chronic form of depression. Individuals with PDD experience a depressed mood most of the time for at least two years, along with other depressive symptoms. However, the symptoms may not be as severe as in major depressive disorder.
  • Cyclothymic Disorder: Cyclothymic disorder is a milder form of bipolar disorder characterized by recurrent mood fluctuations that are less extreme. Individuals with cyclothymic disorder experience numerous periods of hypomanic symptoms and depressive symptoms over at least a two-year period.
  • easonal Affective Disorder (SAD): SAD is a type of depression that typically occurs during certain seasons, most commonly in the fall and winter months when daylight hours are reduced. Symptoms often include low mood, lack of energy, increased sleep, weight gain, and social withdrawal.




It's important to note that mood disorders are complex and can vary in severity and presentation from person to person. If you or someone you know is experiencing symptoms of a mood disorder, it is recommended to seek professional help from a mental health provider for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.






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